Utah Stories

Biochar: The Organic Soil Amendment You Didn’t Know You Needed

Increase soil productivity while reducing carbon emissions by using charred organic matter in your garden.

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San Pedro Columbia, Belize: March 4, 2017. Standing under a canopy of Cacao trees, Mr. Saul Garcia shows students his 30-year-old food forest located near San Pedro Columbia village in the Toledo District of Belize. He enjoys high yields using various permaculture and agroforestry principles, including applying biochar as a soil amendment. Saul is a member of Toledo Cacao Growers Association, a nonprofit organization that ensures fair trade work to improverished Belizean villages. Photo and caption by Kelli Case.

I recently returned from a Permaculture Design Course held at the Maya Mountain Research Farm, a 29-year old, off-grid food forest in Belize. The course was taught by several permaculture experts from all over the world. Each brought their unique background and expertise, but what they all shared was an enthusiasm for biochar. ‘Enthusiasm’ being euphemistic for ‘they all went bananas for it.’

I was unfamiliar with biochar before this course, but now I’m chomping at the bit to experiment with it in my garden. I was doubtful when I learned what it is—charred organic matter—since the concept at first seemed counter-intuitive to my understanding of organic gardening. Shouldn’t I send all my organic matter to the compost pile and definitely not torch it?

SAN PEDRO COLUMBIA, BELIZE — February 29, 2017. Housing at the Maya Mountain Research Farm for students and interns who come to learn about agroforestry and permaculture. The Maya Mountain Research Farm is located one mile up river from San Pedro Columbia village in the Toledo District of Belize. (Photo and caption by Kelli Case.)

But then I learned about how ancient Amazonians used it to transform notoriously infertile soil into meters-deep soil that was so fertile, the same land could be used agriculturally without fallow for centuries. A handful of biochar is full of billions of microscopic crevices that can be thought of as apartment units and condos where microbial life can take up residence, allowing their populations to explode. Since biochar is man-made, it’s presence in ancient soils is impressive anthropological evidence that humans are a geological force with a substantial effect upon ecosystems.

When used as a soil amendment, biochar is effective at storing carbon and trapping greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide in the soil. That means it has potential to offset carbon emissions with a positive effect against climate change if used by enough gardeners and farmers. It’s also recently suspected to enhance the performance of electron pathways in soil, leading to increased biological and chemical soil activity.

It’s available for purchase commercially, but also relatively easy to make. The key concept is to burn organic matter without oxygen and then to put it out before the material becomes ash. It can be made in your own backyard using a metal drum or digging a pit in the ground. Do some digging and you’ll find tips and tricks from backyard gardeners and permaculturists all over the web.

Biochar is so promising in its potential to transform agriculture, and as a strategy to mitigate climate change, that countries all over the world are investing in researching it. Roughly 100 scholastic articles on biochar are published monthly.

I’ll be adding biochar to my soil as I prep my garden beds next week. I’d love for you to join me!

Photo by Marisha Auerbach

Two resources with detailed instructions on the methods I mentioned are here and here.

Visit UtahStories.com for many more gardening stories this month, and follow us on Instagram for updates on our ongoing demonstration garden.

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  • Left in a Box as a Baby: Trauma, Alcoholism, and Addiction

    A man abandoned as a baby builds a structured life in law enforcement, but unresolved trauma and alcoholism slowly begin to unravel it. His story raises a harder question about how change actually happens.


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    In 2012, Jabari Parker, a top high school prospect and member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, was facing his biggest decision to that point in his life: where to play college basketball. 

    Fans of BYU athletics hoped and perhaps prayed that Parker would pick the school owned by the church he was raised in. BYU was listed as one of his final choices. But he ultimately chose to spend his college years at Duke before attempting a career in the NBA. BYU fans were disappointed, but no one was truly surprised. Duke over BYU was the best choice for a young prospect in 2012. 

    A.J. Dybantsa.

    What changed between 2012 and 2024 when A.J. Dybantsa, the number one high school prospect, chose BYU over every other school? The answer is roughly $7 million dollars. That is what Dybantsa is reportedly making to play basketball at BYU. 

    The deal was supported by Utah Jazz owner Ryan Smith, who met multiple times with the Dybantsa family in multiple attempts to bring the young player to Provo. 

    According to Smith, he had no financial role in bringing Dybantsa to BYU, but the influence of Utah’s most famous billionaire acting as a “booster” or unofficial recruiter certainly swayed the decision.

    Prior to 2021, boosters acting as recruiters was taboo to the NCAA governing body. It was called improper recruiting. But in 2021, California began the modern era of NIL, or the ability of a college athlete to benefit from their name, image, or likeness, when they passed the “Fair Pay to Play Act.” 

    This new law gave college athletes in California the ability to benefit from their NIL, something that was banned in the rest of the country to that point. The NCAA saw that this law would create an unfair advantage for California schools that could now give young athletes the chance to make money off their talent and image while still in college. 

    The NCAA knew they needed to do something quickly, so they rushed through a policy that opened up NIL to all college athletes in the country, and it has been expanding and evolving over the last four years. 

    Grant Duff, who has coached at the University of Utah, Weber State University, and is now the defensive coordinator for Idaho State University, says, “The best part of NIL is that athletes have an opportunity to make good money. The downside comes with the free-for-all that money causes.”

    Dybantsa confers with BYU Head coach, Kevin Young.

    One of the biggest current examples of what a school can do when the boosters are willing to pay for success is Texas Tech University. From 2020-2024, Texas Tech had 34 wins, which works out to 6.8 wins per year with a low of 4 wins and high of 8. Then Texas Tech’s boosters got involved, led by Cody Campbell, an oil industry businessman and Chairman of the Texas Tech board. The football program was given 28 million dollars for NIL with a simple message attached to the large pile of money: Win. And win now. And win they did. 

    By signing NIL deals with athletes in the transfer portal, Texas Tech went from a middle-of-the-pack school in their conference to one of the top 12 teams in the country. They didn’t just win games in 2025, they made many of their opponents look like they didn’t belong on the same field, including the University of Utah and BYU twice. That is what money can buy.

    Continue reading and support independent Utah journalism with a purchase of Utah Stories (Digital + Print) or 3 month free trial (Digital).


  • Cottonwood Heights Corruption Allegations: A Case That Never Reached a Courtroom

    A year ago, we here at Utah Stories recorded a podcast episode that we never published. We were revisiting corruption allegations from ten years ago. We decided not to publish the video, so it sat there on YouTube for nearly 12 months.

    Then somehow the video was published. How? We are not sure, but once it got out there, the comments came pouring in.

    Dozens of viewers, then hundreds, supported the video with their comments on our examination of allegations of police misconduct in Cottonwood Heights. The video recounts how the Police Department was reported by business owners as focusing enforcement on customers of the former Canyon Inn bar. These allegations did not result in a publicly documented, full investigation by Utah’s Justice Department nor the FBI (at least to our knowledge). So why rehash the past?

    We believe the story of The Canyon Inn (and other area business owners) vs. CHPD and Cottonwood Heights Mayor Kelvin Cullimore raises questions about what can happen when allegations surface and do not move forward through a formal legal process with state or federal oversight.

    In 2012, Cottonwood Heights business owners at the mouth of the canyons began publicly objecting to police activity whereby up to seven cruisers were pulling over 711 and Canyon Inn bar customers on their busiest evenings.

    According to those accounts, drivers leaving the bar were frequently pulled over by police and were given DUI tickets, sometimes even after passing a sobriety examination. The volume and concentration of those stops led residents and business owners to complain about the “heavy-handed treatment” of CHPD toward motorists, especially in and around the Canyon Inn and neighboring 711, and eventually the Porcupine Pub.

    Customers responded in predictable ways. Some chose not to return and avoid the area. Others went to different establishments. Over time, the owner of the Canyon Inn, Jim Stojack, stated that his revenue declined by 70% and that he believed police activity near his business was the main contributing factor.

    Utah Stories reported on these concerns by conducting interviews; gathering video documentation provided by those involved; and making public records requests. Through our GRAMA requests, we reviewed DUI citations issued by the Cottonwood Heights Police Department and examined how those cases were resolved in Holladay Justice Court. During that period, we observed a higher number based on our review of DUI cases dismissed in court due to lack of evidence compared to other jurisdictions. One DUI attorney, Tyler Ayers, went on record saying that CHPD was issuing a high volume of DUI citations that were later dismissed.

    That observation raised questions about how cases were being documented and prosecuted. It did not, on its own, establish intent or misconduct, but it became part of a broader set of concerns raised by multiple sources.

    Continue reading and support independent Utah journalism with a purchase of Utah Stories (Digital + Print) or 3 month free trial (Digital).


  • Why Did Salt Lake City Tear Down Its Most Beautiful Buildings?

    If you go into the Utah State Archives and spend time with photographs from the late 1800s and early 1900s, you start to notice something that doesn’t line up with what exists today.

    Main Street looks cohesive. Not in a uniform way, but in a way that suggests the people building it shared an understanding of proportion, material, and permanence. Four-story buildings line the street—stone, brick, cast iron—each one detailed in ways that don’t feel incidental. Arched windows, carved stone, brickwork that changes pattern as it rises. Even the cast iron facades were designed to replicate masonry, not hide behind it.

    Then you go downtown and try to find those same buildings.

    Most of them are gone.

    Out of more than 400 buildings designed by Richard Kletting, over 300 have been torn down. That number alone reframes the conversation. Kletting designed the Utah State Capitol, the Saltair resort, commercial buildings, schools, churches, mansions—virtually every type of structure…

    Continue reading and support independent Utah journalism with a purchase of Utah Stories (Digital + Print) or 3 month free trial (Digital).